Lenovo™
Skip to main content
Country/region (Select)
 
     Home      Products      Support & downloads      My account      About Lenovo     
 

More ergonomic information

Setup

Bibliography

The following materials are provided as a resource for those interested in more detailed information on the topics presented on this web site. These publications have not been developed by the Lenovo Corporation.


Aaras, A., Horgen, G., Bjorset, H., Ro, O., and Walsoe, H. Musculoskeletal, visual, and psychosocial stress in VDU operators before and after multidisciplinary ergonomic interventions. A 6 years prospective study—Part II. Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 32, pp. 559-571, 2001

Alexander, Christopher. The Nature of Order, Vols. 1 & 2, Center for Environmental Structure, PatternLanguage.com. 2003

Able, L., L.F. Dell'Oso, R.A. Daroff and L. Parker. Saccades in Extremes of Gaze. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Vol. 18, 1979, pp.324-327

Adler-Grinberg, D. and L. Stark. Eye Movements, Scanpaths and Dyslexia. American Journal of Otpometry and Physiological Optics, Vol. 55, 1978, pp.557-570

Allen, M.J. The Stimulus to Accommodation. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, Vol. 32, 1955, pp.422-431

Alpern, M. Types of Movement, in H. Davson, ed., The Eye, Vol. 3: Muscular Mechanisms, London: Academic Press, 1969

American Industrial Hygiene Association. Health and Ergonomic Considerations of Visual Display Units---Symposium Proceedings. Akron, OH: American Industrial Hygiene Association, 1983

American Medical Association, Council on Scientific Affairs. Health Effects of Video Display Terminals: Council Report. Journal of the American Medical Association, 257(11), pp. 1508-1512, 1987

Anderson, G.B.J., D.B. Chaffin, and M.H. Pope. Occupational Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine. In M.H. Pope, J.W. Frymoyer, and G.B.J. Anderson (Eds.), Occupational Low Back Pain, pp.39-70, New York: Praeger, 1984

Anderson G.B.J. and R. Ortengren. Lumbar Disc Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation, pp.3, 115-3,121, 1974

Andre, J. T. and D.A. Owens. Predicting optimal accommodative performance from measures of the dark focus of accommodation. Human Factors, Vol. 41, pp. 139–145, 1999

Arditi, A., K. Knoblauch and I.Grunwald. Reading with fixed and variable character pitch. Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, 7, pp. 2011–2015. 1990

Armstrong, T., W.A. Castelli, F.G. Evans, and R.D. Perez. Some Histological Changes in Carpal Tunnel Contents and Their Biomechanical Implications. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 26(3), 197-201, 1984

Armstrong, T.J., L.J. Fine, S.A. Goldstein, Y.R. Lifshitz and B.A. Silverstein. Ergonomic Considerations in Hand and Wrist Tendonitis. Journal of Hand Surgery, Vol. 12A No. 5, part 2, pp.830-837, 1987

Armstrong, T.J., R.G. Radwin, D.J. Hansen and K.W. Kennedy. Repetitive Trauma Disorders: Job Evaluation and Design. Human Factors, 28(3), pp.325-336, 1986

Arndt, R. and L.Chapman. Potential Office Hazards and Controls. Contractor's Report Prepared for the Office of Technology Assessment, Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1984

Association of Ophthalmologists of Quebec, Laval University. CRT Display Terminals and Their Effects on Ocular Health, 1982

Barten, P. G. J.. Physical model for the contrast sensitivity of the human eye. SPIE Proceedings: Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display II, 1666, pp. 57–72, 1992

Barten, P. G. J.. Contrast sensitivity of the human eye and its effects on image quality. Knegsel, Netherlands: HV Press, 1999

Bennett, C.A. Space for People, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977

Bennett, G.R., M. Blondin and J. Ruskewicz. Incidence and Prevalence of Selected Visual Conditions. Journal of the American Optometric Association, Vol. 53, pp.647-656, 1982

Bennett, J., D. Case, J. Sandelin and M.J. Smith. Visual Display Terminals: Usability Issues and Health Concerns. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1984

Bergqvist, U.O. Video Display Terminals and Health: A Technical and Medical Appraisal of the State of the Art. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, #10(Supplement 2), 1984

Blakemore, C. and F.W. Campbell. Adaptation to Spatial Stimuli, Journal of Physiology, Vol. 200, pp.11-13, 1968

Blakemore, C. and F.W. Campbell. On the Existance of Neurones in the Human Visual System Selectively Sensitive to the Orientation and Size of Retinal Images. Journal of Physiology, Vol. 203, pp.237-260, 1969

Boos, S.R., B.M. Claissendorff, B.G. Knave, K.G. Nyman and M. Voss. Work with Video Display Terminals among Office Employees. III. Ophthalmological Factors. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 11, pp.475-481, 1984

Boyce, P. Human Factors in Lighting. London: Applied Science,1981

Boyce, P. Lighting the display or displaying the lighting. In Knave, B. and Wideback, P.-G. (Eds.), Work with Display Units 86 pp. 340-349, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers. 1986

Boyce, P. Lighting and lighting conditions. In The Man-Machine Interface – Vision and Visual Disfunction, Volume 15, ed. Roufs, J. London: MacMillan Press, pp. 41-54, 1991

Bouma, H. Visual Reading Processes and the Quality of Text Displays. pp.101-114 in E. Grandjean and E. Vigliani, eds. Ergonomic Aspects of Visual Display Terminals. London: Taylor & Francis, 1980

Boynton, R.M. Some Temporal Factors in Vision. pp. 739-756 in W.A. Rosenblith, ed. Sensory Communications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp.739-756, 1961

Boynton, R.M. and N.D. Miller. Visual Performance Under Conditions of Transient Adaptation. Illuminating Engineering, Vol. 58, pp.541-550, 1963

Boynton, R.M., E.J. Rinalducci and C.E. Sternheim. Visibility Losses Produced by Transient Adaptational Changes in the Range from 0.4 to 4000 Footlamberts. Illuminating Engineering, Vol. 64, pp.217-227, 1969

Boynton, R. M. And C.X. Olson. Salience of chromatic basic color terms confirmed by three measures. Vision Research, Vol. 30, pp. 1311–1317, 1990Branton, P. Backshapes of Seated Persons---How Close Can the Interface by Designed? Applied Ergonomics 15(2), 105-107, 1984

Branton, P. Backshapes of Seated Persons---How Close Can the Interface by Designed? Applied Ergonomics 15(2), 105-107, 1984

Bridley, G.S. Physiology of the Retina and Visual Pathway. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1970

Brown, B.S., R.K. Dismukes and E.J. Rinalducci. Video Display Terminals and Vision of Workers, Summary and Overview of a Symposium. Behaviour and Information Technology, Vol. 1(2), pp.121-140, 1982

Cakir, A., H.J. Reuter, L. Von Schmude, and A. Armbruster. Untersuchungen Zur Anpassung von Bildschirmarbeitsplatzen an die Physische und Psychische Funtionsweise des Menschen. (Research into the effects of video display workplaces on the physical and psychological function of persons.) Bonn, West Germany: Der Bundesminister fur Arbeit und Sozialordnung, 1978

Campbell, F.W. Accommodation Reflex. British Orthop. Journal, Vol. 11, pp.12-17, 1954

Campbell, F.W. The Accommodation Response of the Human Eye. British Journal of Physiological Optics, Vol. 16, pp.188-203, 1959

Campbell, F.W. The Depth of Field of the Human Eye. OpticaActa, Vol.4, pp.157-164, 1975

Campbell, F.W. Recent Attempts to Link Psychophysics with Neurophysiology in Vision Research, Transactions of the Ophthalmological Society, (U.K.), Vol. 99, pp.326-332, 1980

Campbell, F.W. and R.W. Gubisch. Optical Quality of the Human Eye. Journal of Physiology, Vol. 186, pp.558-578, 1966

Campbell, F.W. and L. Maffei. Contrast and Spatial Frequency. Scientific American, Vol. 213(5), pp. 106-111, 1965

Campbell, F.W. and J.G. Robson. Application of Fourier Analysis to the Visibility of Gratings. Journal of Physiology, Vol. 197, pp.551-556, 1968

Campbell, F.W. and J.M. Woodhouse. The Role of the Pupil Light Reflex in Dark Adaptation. Journal of Physiology, London: Vol. 245, pp.111-112, 1975

Carlson, C.R. and R.W. Cohen. A Model for Predicting the Just-noticeable Difference in Image Structure as a Function of Display Modulation Transfer. Digest, Society for Information Display, pp.30-31, April 1978

Carter, R.C. and E.C. Carter. L*U*V* Color Difference Equations for Self Luminance Displays. Color Research and Applications, 8, 252-253, 1983

Chaffin, D.B., M.H. Pope, and G.B.J. Andersson, Workplace Design. In M.H. Pope, J.W. Frymoyer, and G.B.J. Andersson (Eds.) Occupational Low Back Pain, pp.274-294, New York: Praeger, 1984

Chaplin, R. and R.A. Freemantle. Measurement of Perceived Flicker in VDU Products. Displays, Vol. 8, pp.22-28, 1987

Chen, T. L. And C.Y. Yu. The relationship between visual acuity and color contrast in the OSA uniform color space. Color Research and Application, Vol. 21(1), pp. 18–25, 1996

Chi C.F. & Lin, F.-T. Comparison of seven visual fatigue assessment techniques for VDT tasks. Human Factors, Vol. 40, pp. 577-590, 1998

Collins, C.C. The Human Oculomotor System. pp.145-180, in G. Lennerstrand and P. Bach-y-Rita, eds. Brain Mechanisims of Ocular Mobility. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1975

Conrad, R. and A.J. Hull. The Preferred Layout for Numerical Data-entry Keysets. Ergonomics, 11, 165-173, 1968

Cornsweet, T.N. Visual Perception. New York: Academic Press, 1971

Cushman, W.H. Data-entry Performance and Operator Preferences for Various Keyboard Heights. In E. Grandjean (Ed.) Ergonomics and Health in Modern Offices, pp. 495-504, Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis, 1984

Dainoff, M. and M.H. Dainoff. People and Productivity: A Manager's Guide to Ergonomics in the Electronic Office. Tolonto: Holt, Rinehard and Winston of Canada, 1986

De Groot, J.P. & Kamphuis, A., Eyestrain in VDU users: physical correlates and long-term effects. Human Factors, Vol. 25, pp. 409-413, 1983

Deininger, R.L. Human Factors Engineering Studies of the Design and Use of Pushbutton Telephone Sets. Bell Systems Technical Journal, 39, 995-1012, 1960

deLange, H. Research into the Dynamic Nature of the Human Fovea-cortex Systems with Intermittent and Modulated Lights: I. Attenuation Characteristics with White and Colored Light. Jourrnal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 48, pp.777-784, 1958

Duke-Elder, S. and D. Abrams. Ophthalmic Optics and Refraction. Vol. V. in S. Duke-Elder, ed. System of Ophthalmology. St. Louis: C.V Mosby, 1970

Dvorak, A., Merrick, N.F., Dealey, E.L., and Ford, G.C. Typewriting Behavior: Psychology Applied to Teaching and Learning Typewriting. New York: American Book Co., 1936

Easterby, R., K.H.E. Kroemer and D.B. Chaffin, eds. Anthropometry and Biomechanics: Theory and Applications Proceedings of the NATO Symposium, Cambridge, England; New York: Plenum Press, 1980

Eastman, A.A. and J.H. Campbell. Stroboscopic and Flicker Effects from Fluorescent Lamps. Illuminating Engineering, Vol. XLVII, pp. 27-35, January 1952

Eklund, N., Boyce, P., & Simpson, S.N. Lighting and sustained performance: Modeling data-entry task performance. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, Summer 2001, pp. 126-141, 2001

Epps, B.W., Snyder, H.L., and Muto, W.H. Comparison of Six Cursor Devices on a Target Acquisition Task. Digest, Society for Information Display, pp.302-305, Playa Del Rey, CA: Society for Information Display, 1986

Eriksson, W. Perceptual thresholds for jitter in VDUs. Displays, Vol. 13(4), pp. 187–192, 1992

Farrell, R.J. and Booth, J.M. Design Handbook for Imagery Interpretation Equipment. D180-19063-1 (reprinted). Seattle, WA: Boeing Aerospace Co., 1984

Farrell, J. E. Objective methods for evaluating screen flicker. Paper presented at the Conference on Work with Display Units 86, 1987

Farrell, S.J., Lynch, D.M., and Bennett, C.A. Transient Adaptation Effects at VDU Workstations. Engineering Experiment Station Report 184. Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University, 1986

Fisher, D.F. Reading and Visual Search. Memory and Cognition, Vol.3, pp.188-196, 1975

Flynn, J.E., Spencer, T.J., Martyniuk, O., Hendrick, C. Interim study of procedures for investigating the effect of light on impression and behavior, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 1973

Fugate, J.M. and G.A. Fry. Relation of Changes in Pupil Size to Visual Discomfort, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, Vol. 51, pp.537-549, 1956

Gaarder, K.R. Eye Movements, Vision and Behavior. Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1975

Gorrell, E.L. A Human Engineering Specification for Legibility of Alphanumeric Symbology on Video Displays (Revised), Technical Report No. 80-R-R-26. Donsview, Ontario, Canadian Defense and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, 1980

Graham, C., ed. Vision and Visual Perception. New York; John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1966

Grandjean, E. Ergonomics in Computerized Offices. London: Taylor & Francis, 1980

Grandjean, E. Fitting the Task to the Man (3rd ed.). London: Taylor and Francis, 1980

Grandjean, E. Ergomonics and Health in Modern Offices. London: Taylor and Francis, 1984

Grandjean, E. and W. Hunting. Ergonomics of Posture: Review of Various Problems of Standing and Sitting Posture. Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 8, pp.135-140, 1977

Grandjean, E. and E. Vigliani, eds. Ergonomic Aspects of Visual Display Terminals. London: Taylor & Francis, 1980

Guy, A.W. and C.K. Chou. Hazard Analysis: Very Low Frequency Through Medium Frequency Range, Bioelectromagnetic Research Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle: University of Washington, 1982

Harlen, F. Radiation: The Non-hazard of VDUs. in V.M. Rading, ed. Proceedings of the Institute of Ophthalmology Meeting on Visual Aspects and Ergonomics and VDUs, London: 1981

Hill, S.G. and K.H.E. Kroemer. Preferred Declination of the Line of Sight. Human Factors, 28, 127-134, 1986

Howarth P.A. and Istance H.O. The association between visual discomfort and the use of Visual Display Units. Behaviour and Information Technology, 4(2): pp. 131- 149, 1985

Hultgren, G.V. and B. Knave. Discomfort Glare and Disturbances from Light Reflections in an Office Landscape with CRT Display Terminals. Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 5(1), pp.2-8, 1974

Hunter, C., Boyce P. & Watt, J. Effect of Bezel Reflectance on People Using a Computer Monitor. Proceedings of the HCI International Conference, Greece, June 2003

Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Office lighting. In Rea, M. (Ed.), The IESNA Lighting Handbook: Reference and Application, 9th ed., pp. 11-1 – 11-22, New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2000

Kaiser, P. K. (1996). The joy of visual perception.
(available at http://www.yorku.ca/eye/thejoy.htm)

Kaiser, P. K. and R.M. Boynton. Human color vision (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Optical Society of America, 1996

Kaplan, R.M. and M.H. Criqui (Eds.). Behavioral Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, New York: Plenum, 1985

King, V.M. Discomfort Glare from Flashing Sources. Journal of the American Optical Association, Vol. 43, pp.a53-56, 1972

Kintz, R.T. and D.O. Bowker. Accommodation Response During a Prolonged Visual Search Task. Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 12, pp.55-59, 1982

Klemmer, E.T. Keyboard Entry, Applied Ergonomics, 2. 2-6, 1971

Knave B.G., Wibom R.I., Voss M., Hedstrom L.D. And Bergqvist U.O. Work with video display terminals among office employees, Scan J Work Environ Health 11: pp. 457-466, 1985

Kokoschka, S. and Haubner, P. Luminance Ratios at Visual Display Workstations and Visual Performance. Lighting Research and Technology, 17(3), 138-144, 1984

Legge, G. E., D.H. Parish, A. Luebker and L.H. Wurm. Psychophysics of reading: XI. Comparing color contrast and luminance contrast. Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, 7, pp. 2002–2010, 1990

Legge, G. E., D.G. Pelli, G.S. Rubin and M.M. Schleske. Psychophysics of reading: I. Normal vision. Vision Research, Vol. 25, pp. 239–252, 1985

Legge, G. E. And G.S. Rubin. Psychophysics of reading: IV. Wavelength effects in normal and low vision. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 3, pp. 40–51, 1986

Legge, G. E., G.S. Rubin and A. Luebker. Psychophysics of reading: V. The role of contrast in normal vision. Vision Research, Vol. 27, pp. 1165–1177, 1987 .

Lippert, T. Color Defference Prediction of Legibility Performance for Raster CRT Imagery. Digest, Proceedings of the Society for Information Display, pp.86-89, Playa Del Rey, CA: Society for Information Display, 1986

Liu, J., M. Lee, K. Jang, K. Ciuffreda, J. Wong, D. Grisham and L. Stark., Objective Assessment of Accommodation Orthoptics: I. Dynamic Insufficiency. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, Vol. 56, pp.285-294, 1979

Luchiesh, M. and F.K. Moss. Reading as a Visual Task. New York: Van Nostrand, 1942

Lulla, A.B. and C.A. Bennett. Discomfort Glare: Range Effects. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, Vol. 10(2), pp.74-80, 1981

Lutz, M.C. and Chapanis, A. Expected Locations of Digits and Letters on Ten-button Keysets. Journal of Applied Psychology, 39(5), 314-317, 1955

MacLeod, D.I.A. Visual Sensitivity. Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 29, pp.613-646, 1978

Maddock, R.J., M. Mollodot, S. Leat and C.A. Johnson. Accommodative Responses and Refractive Error. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Vol. 20, pp.387-391, 1981

Mandal, A.C. What is the Correct Height of Furniture? In E. Grandjean (Ed.) Ergonomics and Health in Modern Offices, London: Taylor and Francis, 1984

Martin, A. The CRT/Observer Interface. Electro-Optical Systems Design, June 1977

McConville, J.T. and Laubach, L.L. Anthropometry, In NASA Reference Publication 1024, Anthropometric Source Book, Volume I: Anthropometry for Designers. Springfield VA: National Technical Information Service, 1978

Miller, R.J. Mood Changes and Dark Focus of Accommodation. Perceptual Psychophysics, Vol. 24, pp.437-443, 1978

Milne, J.S. and J. Williamson. Visual Acuity in Older People. Gerontologia Clinica, Vol.14, pp.249-256, 1972

Monty, R.W., Snyder, H.L., and Birdwell, G.G. Evaluation of Several Keyboard Design Parameters. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 27th Annual Meeting, pp.201-205, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society, 1983

Moss, C.E., W.E. Murray, W.H. Paar, J. Messite and G.J. Kraches. An Electromagnetic Radiation Survey of Selected Video Display Terminals. DHEW/NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio: 1977

Murch, G. Physiological Principles for the Effective Use of Color. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 49-54, Novenber 1984

Murch, J., Cranford, M., and McManus, P. Brightness and Color Contrast of Information Displays, Digest, Society for Information Display, pp.168-169, Playa Del Rey, CA: Society for Information Display, 1983

National Research Council. The Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation. Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Division of Medical Sciences, Assembly of Life Sciences, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1980

Nordqvist, T., Ohlsson, K., & Nilsson, L. Fatigue and reading of text on videotex. Human Factors, Vol 28, pp. 353-363, 1986

Olzak, L. A. and J.P. Thomas. Seeing spatial patterns. In K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance. Vol. 1, Chapter 7. New York: Wiley, 1986

O'Regan, K. Moment to Moment Control of Eye Saccades as a Function of Textual Parameters in Reading. pp.49-60, in P.A. Kolers, M.E. Wrolstead and H. Bouma, eds. Processing of Visible Language, New York: Plenum Press, 1979

OSHA, Occupational Noise Exposure: Hearing Conservation Amendment, Federal Register, Rules and Regulations, 48(46), 9738-9785, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, 1983

Ostberg, O. Review of Visual Strain with Special Reference to Mocroimage Reading. Transactions of the International Micrographics Congress, Stockholm: September 1976

Oster, P.J. & Stern, J.A. Measurement of eye movement. In Martin, J. & Venables, P. H. (Eds.), Techniques in Psychophysiology, pp. 275-308, New York: Wiley, 1980

Pawlak, U., and K.F. Roll. Setting levels for reflected luminance. Siemens Review. 1990

Petersen, R.C., M.M. Weiss and G. Minneci. Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation Associated with Video Display Terminals. Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 1980

Phillips, S. and L. Stark. Blur: A Sufficient Accommodative Stimulus. Documenta Ophthalmologica, Vol. 3. pp.65-69, 1977

Radiation Protection Bureau. Investigation of Radiation Emissions from Video Display Terminals. Ottawa, Canada: Public Affairs Directorate, Department of National Health and Welfare, Document 83-EHD-92, 1983

Ray, R.D. The Theory and Practice of Safe Handling Temperatures. Applied Ergonomics, 15(1), 55-59, 1984

Reger, J.J., Snyder, H.L., and Epps, B.W. Performance and Preference for Cursor-key Control Configurations in Editing Tasks. Digest, Society for Information Display, pp.22-25, Playa Del Rey, CA: Society for Information Display, 1987

Rinalducci, E.J., et. al. Video Displays, Work, and Vision. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C., 1983

Rogers, S.P. and Gutmann, J.C. CRT Symbol Subtense Requirements. Digest, Society for Information Display, pp.166-167, Playa Del Rey, CA: Society for Information Display, 1983

Rogowitz, B.E. The Human Visual System: A Guide for the Display Technologist. Proceedings of the Society for Information Display, Vol. 24(3), 1983

Rogowitz, B.E. Measuring Perceived Flicker on Visual Displays. In Ergonomic Health in Modern Offices, London: Taylor and Francis, pp.285-293, 1984

Roufs, J.A.J. and H. Bouma. Towards Linking Perception Research and Image Quality. Proceedings of the Society for Information Display, Vol. 21(3), pp.247-270, 1980

Rupp, B.A. Visual Display Standards: A Review of Issues. Proceedings of the Society for Information Display, Vol. 22(1), pp.63-72, 1981

Rushton, W.A.H. and G. Westhiemer. The Effect Upon the Rod Threshold of Bleaching Neighbouring Rods. Journal of Physiology, Vol. 164, pp.318-329, London: 1962

Sauter, S.L., L.J. Chapman and S.J. Knutson. Improving VDT Work: Causes and Control of Health Concerns in VDT Use. Lawrence, KS: The Report Store, 1986

Sauter, S.L., M.S. Gottlief and K.C. Jones. A general Systems Analysis of Stress-Strain in VDT Operation. University of Wisconsin, Department of Preventive Medicine. 1982

Schmidt, K., M. Temple and I. Seddon. Improving CRT Viewability. Electro-Optics System Design, August 1977

Schenkman B., Fukada T. and Persson B. Glare from monitors measured with subjective scales and eye movements Displays, Vol. 20: pp. 11-21, 1999

Seibel, R. Data Entry Devices and Procedures. In H.P. Van Cott and R.G. Kinkade (Eds.). Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Design, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972

Shlaer, S., E.L. Smith and A.M. Chase. Visual Acuity and Illumination in Different Spectral Regions. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 25, pp.553-569, 1941

Shurtleff, D.A. How to Make Displays Legible. La Mirada, CA: Human Interface Design, 1980

Shurtleff, D.A. and Wuersch, W.F. Legibility Criteria in Design and Selection of Data Displays for Group Viewing. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 23rd Annual Meeting, pp.411-414, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society, 1979

Slater,A.I., Boyce,P.R., Illuminance Uniformity on Desks-Where is the Limit, Proceedings of the CIBSE National Lighting Conference, pp.34-46, Cambridge, 1990

Sliney, D.H. and M.L. Wolbarsht. Safety with Lasers and Other Optical Sources, A Comprehensive Handbook. New York: Plenum Press, 1980

Smith, S.W. and D.G. Brown. Radio Frequency and Microwave Radiation Levels Resulting from Man-made Sources in the Washington, D.C. Area. Bureau of Radiological Health, DHEW Publication No. (FDA) 72-8015 BRHDEP 72-5, Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1971

Snyder, H.L. Image and Quality and Observer Performance, in Perception of Displayed Information. L.M. Biberman, ed., New York: Plenum Press, 1973

Snyder, H.L. Image Quality: Measures and Visual Performance. In L.E. Tannas, Jr. (Ed.). Flat Panel Desplays, pp.70-90, New York: Van Nostrand, 1985

Starr, S.J., C.R. Thompson and S.J. Shute. Effects of VDTs on Telephone Operators. Human Factors, Vol. 24, pp.699-711, 1982

Tinker, M. A. and D.G. Patterson. Studies of typographic factors influencing speed of reading: Part VII. Variations in color print and background. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 15, pp. 471–479, 1931

Tinker, M.A. Legibility of Print, Iowa State University Press, 1963

Tinker, M.A. Bases for Effective Reading. University of Minnesota Press, 1966

Vann Toi, V. & Dumery, B. Non invasive method to relieve visual fatigue of frequent computer users. VTIC Annual Proceedings. Medford, Massachusetts: Tufts University , 1997

Vos, J. J. Disability glare—a state of the art report. CIE Journal, Vol. 3, pp.39-53, 1985

Vos, J. J. Glare today in historical perspective: Towards a new CIE Glare Observer and a new glare nomenclature. In Proceedings of the 24th Session of the CIE, Warsaw, June 24-30, Vol. 1, Part 1, CIE Publication 133, pp. 38-42, Vienna: CIE Central Bureau, 1999

Wibom, R., and Carlsson, L. Work at video display terminals among office employees: Visual Ergonomics and lighting. In Knave, B. and Wideback, P.-G. (Eds.), Work with Display Units 86, pp. 357-367. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1986

Wisner, L. Le Trevail a l'ecran d'ordinateur, Analyse du Travail et Recommandations Ergonomiques (Working at VDT Consoles, Work Analysis and Ergonomic Recommendations). Paris: Enterprise Moderne D'Edition, 1978

Wolf, E. and J.S. Gardner. Studies on the Scatter of Light in the Dioptric Media of the Eye as a Basis of Visual Glare. Archives of Ophthalmology, Vol. 74, 1960

Wolska, A. and Switula, M. Luminance distribution on VDT work stands and visual fatigue. In Proceedings of the 24th Session of the CIE, Warsaw, Vol. 1, Part 1, CIE Publication 133, pp. 43- 47. Vienna: CIE Central Bureau, 1999

Woodson, W.E. Human Factors Design Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981

Zwahlen, H.T. Pupillary Responses When Viewing Designated Locations in a VDT Workstation. In E. Grandjean (Ed.). Ergonomics and Health in Modern Offices. pp.339-345, Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis, 1984

Back to top
 

Lenovo Sources

IBM Public Affairs

Special Needs

Cited References

Bibliography


Outside sources

Office Ergonomic Research Committee

Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES)

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH)

European Union VDU Directive

NEW WORLD. NEW THINKING.
    Terms of use Privacy Contact